A small number of people who are treated may feel better after treatment, but will continue to carry the organism and pass it through their feces to others through contaminated food or water. The following are the most common symptoms of salmonella. However, each person may experience symptoms differently.
Symptoms develop 12 to 72 hours after infection and may include:. The symptoms of salmonella infections may look like other conditions or medical problems. Always talk with your healthcare provider for a diagnosis. Since many different illnesses have symptoms similar to salmonella, diagnosis depends on lab tests that identify salmonella in your stool.
These infections generally run their course in 4 to 7 days. Often no treatment is needed. However, if you have severe diarrhea, you may need rehydration with intravenous IV fluids. If the infection spreads from the intestines to the blood stream, prompt treatment with antibiotics will be necessary. Most people recover completely from a salmonella infection. This causes joint pain, eye irritation, and painful urination. Since foods of animal origin pose the greatest threat of salmonella contamination, do not eat raw or undercooked eggs, poultry, seafood, or meats.
Remember that some sauces and desserts use raw eggs in their preparation, so be cautious of these, particularly in foreign countries. Also, follow these recommendations by the CDC:. If your symptoms get worse or you get new symptoms, let your healthcare provider know. Appropriate use of antibiotics in people and animals use only when needed and exactly as prescribed can help prevent antibiotic resistance and the spread of resistant bacteria. CDC estimates Salmonella cause about 1. Sign up for RSS Feed.
Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link. Section Navigation. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate. Questions and Answers. Minus Related Pages. What are Salmonella? What illness do people get from Salmonella infection?
What are the symptoms of infection? Most people with Salmonella infection have diarrhea, fever, and stomach cramps. Salmonella are a diverse group of bacteria. How is Salmonella infection diagnosed? What Is Salmonella? What Is Salmonella Infection?
A Salmonella infection typically causes: nausea and vomiting abdominal cramps diarrhea sometimes bloody fever headache Salmonella infections usually clear up without medical treatment. Are Salmonella Infections Contagious? Who Is at Risk for Salmonella Infections? People at risk for more serious complications from a Salmonella infection include those who: are very young, especially babies have problems with their immune systems such as people with HIV take cancer-fighting drugs or drugs that affect their immune system have sickle cell disease have an absent or nonfunctioning spleen take chronic stomach acid suppression medicine In these higher-risk groups, most doctors will treat an infection with antibiotics to prevent it from spreading to other parts of the body.
How Are Salmonella Infections Treated? Can Salmonella Infections Be Prevented? Here are some other ways to protect yourself from Salmonella infections: Cook food thoroughly. Salmonella bacteria are most commonly found in animal products and can be killed by the heat of cooking. Don't serve raw or undercooked eggs, poultry, or meat.
Microwaving is not a reliable way to kill the bacteria. Handle eggs carefully. The Vi antigen is a capsular antigen that contributes significantly to virulence, which may partially explain the disparity in disease severity between typhoid and non-typhoid strains.
Typhoid Salmonella infections are more likely to be life-threatening , causing high fevers, headaches, constipation or diarrhea, and rose spots —patches of red discoloration on the skin where bacterial emboli are present.
Salmonella undermines non-phagocytic immune cells too, by inducing reactive oxygen species ROS production from human neutrophils. This defense mechanism is intended to protect the host by damaging bacterial nucleic acids and proteins. However, Salmonella benefits from ROS production , because it has an arsenal of peroxidases and catalases to help it survive ROS exposure. Other resident gut microbes are less equipped to survive this harsh environment, thus creating a selective advantage for Salmonella.
Once inside the host cell, Salmonella divides rapidly, and can either enclose itself within membrane-bound vacuoles, or as was recently discovered, replicate within the cytosol of cells. Cytosolic Salmonella also divide very quickly and have the ability to hyper-replicate in intestinal epithelial cells, gallbladder epithelial cells, and polarized epithelial cells that mimic the internal environment of the intestine.
This adaptability to new environments may suggest that the cytosolic subpopulations of Salmonella have the ability to leave and survive outside of the intestine, potentially allowing them to spread to other body sites, leading to much more serious and invasive illness. These cells later develop into memory cells following clearance of the infection, which provides some long-term protection against Salmonella.
But because different serotypes are recognized by immune cell interaction with their unique patterns, unrelated serotypes can cause a subsequent bout of disease.
0コメント